Category: Topics

What is creative writing, what role does it play in language learning, and how can it
be encouraged? Ann Loseva, Kevin Stein, and Faten Romdhani share ideas, activities
and some very good writing.

 

Faten Romdhani

Ann Loseva

Kevin Stein

 

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The Music of Words upon Words
– Malu Sciamarelli

My first contact with poems, stories and literature was when I was a small child. I remember my father reading and listening to music in a cozy living room in the evenings. I knew I could not read those books – “they are not for children”- he would tell me, but the inspiring music, and the words my father would keep his eyes on fascinated me so much, that I would secretly get those books and take them to my bedroom. I would put them together with my school-books, and read them in the school garden, when most children would only want to play. These books and the beautiful words they had, inspired me to find my own creativity and write my own stories and poems.

I still read books in the garden today. It is a perfect environment to read, listen to the music created by the sounds of nature and express my own creativity. It is also a place where I teach some Creative Writing classes. It is a free environment where my students are motivated to do things differently and feel confident to risk contributing fully. They can find their own creativity and express themselves through reading and writing.

Recently, I have been introducing not only reading to my Creative Writing classes, but also music. I have been trying to make a connection among writing, reading and hearing, in which the writer is not only a person who writes but becomes a person who hears. “Hearing” a written text means reading it in order to capture what passes between the lines, like the form and design of intonation. During silent reading, a world is awakened by the vibrations of the words’ sounds and images. But it also means the moment when the writer “hears” the words and writes them.

To introduce this experiment in my classes, and motivate my students to “hear” the text, I will share now the first set of activities I carried out with them.

I first brought a poem by Augusto de Campos, a Brazilian poet and writer. “O Pulsar” (“The Pulsar”) is a poem in the form of a telegram from the stars. The words of the poem appear in white on a black background with two letters transformed into patterns: the “o” is a small white solar circle, and the “e” is replaced by the image of a star, acting as “punti luminosi”. The poem asks the reader to open the window and see the near-mute pulsar.

We first read the original version in Portuguese, and then in English:

“Wherever you are
On Mars or in Eldorado
Open the window and see
The near-mute pulsar
A light-year embrace
That no sun warms
And that the dark echo forgets”

Immediately after reading the poem written on paper, we listen to it in the form of music, set by Caetano Veloso, a Brazilian musician and poet, accentuating the connection I have been trying to make.

After this first class, my students were asked to go home, and in the evening, open their windows, look at the stars and write a brief description of what they could hear and/or see. They all brought their texts to the next class, when they read them in turn. After each student read their text, we stopped and discussed what the others could see/hear in that text. All the perceptions were different – the images, the sounds, the meanings. Again, they were asked to take their texts home, open the window, look at the stars and read their texts. They could either keep them the way it was written, or change them.

In the next class, when they brought their second draft, and again we read them in turn, all the texts changed and so did their perceptions. After this experience, I could see “the fictional text as a closed music box that pulsates and reverberates what is experienced and what it thought in a written form that resounds anew with each rereading, recuperating what has been lost while also spreading new resonances into the future each time it is opened.” (Marilia Librandi-Rocha).

What do my experience of reading and writing in the garden, and these classes with my students show about creative writing? There are surely many points to explore, but I would highlight three main points:

1. Creative Writing is personal writing where the purpose is to express thoughts, feelings and emotions. It is expressed in an imaginative, unique and sometimes poetic way. If it is imaginative and unique, any attempt to reduce the teaching of creative writing to a system or set of formulas, with prescribed techniques and practices should be avoided.

2. It is important to establish a creative environment, be it a beautiful garden, a book or library corner, or a circle of chairs in the classroom, where ideas and thoughts are expressed freely and where students learn that collaboration is better than isolation. They will feel comfortable and motivated to explore their own writing, and so will discover their strengths and weaknesses.

3. As for teachers, an understanding of the characteristics of effective writing and the strategies used by successful writers is not enough. The creative writing teacher should be a constant investigator of the learners’ creativity, and also use their experience as writers, as a basis for creating new practices and activities and face the challenges that teaching creative writing involves.

References:

Campos, Augusto de. (1994). Despoesia. São Paulo, Editora Perspectiva.

Dunn, Christopher. (2001) Brutality Garden: Tropicália and the Emergence of a Brazilian Counterculture. Chapel Hill, U of North Carolina.

Richards, Jack C. (1999). The Language Teaching Matrix. (7th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Helping Students Find Their Voice
– Anne E. Hendler

 

Creativity. Either you got it or you don’t, right? Either you’re a right-brained person or a left-brained person, right? We all know that this is silliness and has been proven untrue, but does that mean we believe it?

I don’t really identify as being a creative person. However, language learning is, in part, a creative act and so tapping my students’ creativity is part of my job. Sometimes they protest. I tell them, “You don’t have to be particularly talented or particularly good at something. You just have to be particularly yourself. That’s enough.” And they have not yet ceased to amaze me.

I started doing creative writing activities with my students to help them express themselves when they were too shy to share their ideas orally. Here are some of the things I’ve tried and what I’ve learned along the way.

 

Cinquain Poetry

Write, she said, a Cinquain poem. Fill each word with Meaning.

Creativity Innate? Teachable? Writing, drawing, dancing Changes how we see the world Imagination

Observe. Students do things In their own unique ways. Treasure each bright mind, beating heart. And learn.

 

I started with Cinquain Poetry. A Cinquain poem has five lines. In one variety, each line has a set number of words (one, two, three, four, one). In another variety, each line has a set part of speech (a noun, two adjectives, three -ing words, a phrase, a synonym to the first noun). In a third variety, each line has a set number of syllables (two, four, six, eight, two).

One of the benefits of Cinquains is that within the structure of a Cinquain, students can feel the safety of having a “right way” to do it. It has enough structure to make it a challenge and enough freedom to make it a choice. The result always uniquely represents each student and even they are amazed at how differently they all approached it. More importantly, they collaborated and helped each other with it.

 

Personification of Vices

The second creative writing task grew out of a unit on vices. My students read an example poem called “Gossip” written in the first person. Then I asked them to go home and choose a vice and write a similar poem for homework using some of the new phrases they’d learned. I had no idea whether they’d try it or not. They had an example, but no structure at all. No detailed instructions. No step by step of how to write a poem. Their results surpassed my wildest expectations and were as diverse, unique and creative as the students themselves.

I learned from this that my students are brave. That when we take away the structure and steps, they still want to be heard so badly that they will put themselves out there even when they aren’t sure of the “right way”. One of the boys wrote about alcohol and anger, a reflection of his life at home. A girl wrote about lies and rumor, connected to an experience she had at school. Another abandoned the topic entirely and just let her words fall from the sky. And I would never have seen any of it if I had bound them with rules and structure.

 

Recipes for Success

After spending two weeks learning about goal setting and steps to achieving dreams and sharing their specific dreams, I came to class with a stack of recipe cards. During the class we wrote a recipe for banana pancakes on the cards. Then I pulled out a bowl and spoon and we passed it around adding (sadly, imaginary) ingredients and giving it a stir to make pancakes. I asked them to write a recipe for success for homework.

The results were varied – some used measurements they made up themselves and others combined recipe vocabulary with success vocabulary and created success pancakes. The icing on the cake (or perhaps I should say maple syrup) for me, though, was when a photo appeared on my student’s Facebook page of her personal recipe (175cm of tall, etc). Not only was she using English outside of class, she was adapting it in her own ways and sharing it!

I learned from this that my students will adapt a structure to suit what they think a product should look like, and also that they’re all different. Some are more concerned with content than presentation, and others are more concerned with presentation than content. Some are equally concerned with both but still give me something different from what I expected.

Not all students like all forms of creative writing, but when they find things that they like, they really run with them. More importantly, finding their creative voices gives them courage to try other things – like performing a play or learning a song.

I am really glad my students and I had this chance to explore their creative sides. Together we learned that with a little structure they can help each other and gain confidence to create poetry, but the structure is not as important as the ideas and thoughts that they bring into it. Creative writing doesn’t come from the textbook or the teacher or the task. It comes from the writers’ trust in themselves and each other and willingness to believe, if only for a moment, that they are enough.

 

Ready To Write – Chris Mares

I vividly remember my first experience with creative writing in the classroom.  I was a lower sixth student at Lewes Priory Comprehensive School in the summer of 1975, sitting in young Miss Matthew’s English class.  It was a beautiful, blue-sky morning. I was watching a mini-skirted girl I vaguely knew from the upper sixth walk by outside, a chill of desire in my belly, exacerbated by the smell of patchouli exuding from Miss Matthews as she lent towards me, her long, thick black hair almost touching my face as it tumbled over her white of her hippy blouse.  I was in love.

But not with Miss Matthews.

“Are you listening Chris?”  Miss Matthews asked.

“Yes,” I said, instinctively.  Though I wasn’t.  Not really.

“Then write something.  How does it make you feel?  What does it do to you?”  Miss Matthews paused, then stood and moved on to another student.

We were listening to Lou Reed’s album Transformer.  Miss Matthews had told us, as she put the vinyl album on the record player, that we were going to listen and write.  The class sat in bemused disbelief.  We’d never done anything like this before and I had felt that Miss Matthews just couldn’t be bothered to teach us anything.  I had stared at my paper as the needle touched the vinyl and the music began.  Nothing happened.  My mind, though, was unknowingly awash with untapped creativity.  It could all have gone very differently.

There are powerful reasons for using creative writing activities in the classroom but there is also a need for structure and procedure.  Miss Matthews, though her intention was good, had plunged us in too quickly.  She had not led us to the point of creativity.  Our schema had not been raised. We were at sea, at a loss.

Alan Maley, in his excellent piece Creative Writing for Students and Teachers draws a distinction between expository writing and creative writing pointing out, importantly, that creative writing draws primarily on the right side of the brain, the side associated with intuition, feelings, and creativity, as opposed to the logical and analytical left side.  For many students the switch in focus from the instrumental requirements of expository writing to the aesthetic permissions of creative writing can be extremely rewarding and thus motivating.  For a student to produce an original poem, for example, results in a feeling of deep and genuine satisfaction, especially for beginner writers with a limited language repertoire in English.

I would argue that building creative writing into students’ writing experience from early on will help with their self-esteem and self-confidence as well as help them develop strategies such risk taking and that will help them become more effective language learners.

Creative writing also fosters an understanding of the playful nature of language that is common to all cultures yet rarely touched upon in most classrooms.  In our stories we play with collocation, connotation, and puns, for example.  We also bend and stretch rules.  This is all part of the fun and joy of language.

At its most basic level creative writing activities for the classroom can involve simply completing a stem sentence.

I wish I was good at …

I wish I knew how to …

I wish I could visit …

I wish I could speak …

It can also involve the addition of words within the structure of a poem.

First name

Who wants (three things)

Who loves (three things)

Who feels (three things)

Family name

Or

I am (two special characteristics you have)

I wonder (something you are curious about)

I hear (an imaginary sound)

I see (an imaginary sight)

I want (an actual desire)

I am (the first line of the poem repeated)

Another fun form is the acrostic where students read a word vertically, in this case, ‘love’, and then write a phrase related to love beginning with each letter of the word love.

Longing to see you

Over the moon

Very happy

Enjoying your warmth

A Favorite Creative Writing Activity

Short poems or haiku can be very evocative and be used as the basis for creative writing exercises.  A favorite of mine is Alan Maley’s haiku, Thinking of You.

Thinking of You

Thinking of you

Twenty nine thousand feet below

And eight years ago

Procedure

For any creative writing activity to be effective students need to be interested and engaged and their individual schema need to be raised.  The way to do this depends on the particular class but a generic way I have done this is as follows:

1. Ask the class if anyone likes to read.  Establish what people like to read, whether they are reading anything at the moment, whether they read for pleasure, etc.
2. Ask the class if anyone likes to read poetry or has read any poetry, or has even written a poem.
3. Tell the class that you are going to read them a short poem and you want everyone to close their eyes and just listen and see what they see in their mind as you read the poem.
4. Read the poem slowly.
5. Tell the class you are going to read the poem again and this time students are going to write it down.  Having done have students in pairs take turn reading the poem to each other.
6. Next write the following questions on the board:  Who wrote the poem?  Where was this person when she or he wrote the poem?  Why did they write it?  Tell the students there is no right answer and encourage them to be creative.
7. Have each pair share their ideas with the class.
8. The next phase depends on the creative license of the teacher.  In my case I tell the students I know who wrote the poem and what it’s about.  Ask students if they’d like to know more.
9. Tell them that Alan Maley wrote the poem.  This is true.  What follows is my own embelishment.  Tell them that Alan used to work in India and at one point he was flying home to England when the captain said, “If you are sitting on the right hand side of the aircraft and you look out of the window you will see the city of Florence.  I tell the students that Alan looked out of the window and suddenly memories from the time he lived and worked in Florence come flooding into his mind.  He takes out his notebook and almost without thinking writes the haiku.
10. I then tell the students that each of them is Alan and that when they get home, having written the poem themselves about a relationship he had once had with ‘Julia’, he decides to take action.  We then brainstorm what he could do, for example:  google Julia, find her contact information, text her, email her, write her a letter, call her, return to Florence and try to locate her.  Having established a range of possibilities, have students in pairs work on one of the courses of action Alan could take.
11. Students are then given time to write a text, email, letter, dialog, etc.  If there isn’t enough time then the class can work together under the teacher’s guidance.
12. After students have completed their task have them share with the class.

As an aside, I emailed Alan Maley a couple of days ago to verify that Thinking of You had been written by him.  Here’s what he said:

I am sure Alan would be happy if you used his haiku, too.

Visualization

In order to foster creativity it is useful to build visualization activities into one’s repertoire.  Here is a generic visualization activity:

1. Tell students to relax and close their eyes.  Tell them that they are going on an adventure.
2. Tell students to imagine that they are standing on a street in a town they know.  Ask the students what time of year it is/day it is/what the weather is like etc.  Have them make notes.
3. Tell the students that they are now walking along the street and they hear a noise. Ask them what the noise is.  Have them make notes.

The ‘story’ continues to be shaped by the teacher but is written by the students.  There is clearly a lot of latitude for creativity by both the teacher and students.  Students can be steered towards producing dialogs and therefore practicing the use of direct or indirect speech.

Some suggestions on the use of Creative Writing activities in the classroom

If students are not used to activities that require creativity it may take some time to train them to feel comfortable and let go.  This is understandable.  With this in mind it is worth building creative writing into one’s teaching repertoire, once a week for example.  Make sure tasks are completed and that students share their writing either in class or have their writing displayed either in the classroom or electronically.  This will motivate students as they will feel invested and validated.

The stem sentences can all be altered according to the students’ needs, level, and interests.  It is also fun to play with forms of poems.  Extra lines can be added, prompts changed, etc.

The language learning benefits from creative writing are clear.  Risk taking benefits learning as does playing with language and learning about collocation and connotation through experimentation.  The rewards are clear: personal pleasure, an increase in self-confidence and self-esteem and a resulting increase in motivation.

Returning to Miss Matthew’s classroom all those years ago.  I wonder if the class might have gone differently the class had a more structured flow.  Miss Matthews could have pointed out that it was a beautiful day.  She could have asked us what made it beautiful.  She could have asked us to write down what would have made it perfect.  We could have shared answers with each other, then as a class.  Miss Matthews could then have told us she wanted to listen to a song with our eyes close and to try and picture the song based on the lyrics and the feel of the music.  She could have asked us to imagine the people in the song, where they were, what they were wearing, what they were saying.  She then could have selected one track, Perfect Day, and we could have listened.

After that, our schema raised, our minds dancing with imagery, we would have been ready to write.

References

Maley, Alan, Creative Writing for Students and Teachers in Humanizing Language Teaching (Issue 3, June, 2012)

Ur, Penny & Wright, Andrew,  Five Minute Activities, (CUP 1992)

 

What role can creative writing play in language learning and how can something as creative as creative writing best be taught? Malu Sciamarelli, Chris Mares, and Anne E. Hendler share ideas, activities, and some great writing.

 

Malu Sciamarelli

Anne E. Hendler

Chris Mares

 

Connect with Malu, Anne, Chris and other iTDi Associates, Mentors, and Faculty by joining iTDi Community. Sign Up For A Free iTDi Account to create your profile and get immediate access to our social forums and trial lessons from our English For Teachers and Teacher Development courses.

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Your support makes a difference.