Challenges, Ideas, and Solutions – Svetlana

Svetlana Lupasco

Teaching Adult ESL Learners with Emergent Conventional Literacy Skills
– Svetlana Lupasco

 

Maryam’s Big News   Maryam is holding tight her little son’s tiny hand while rushing through familiar path on her way to school. There’s big news to share: her husband and two children have become Canadian citizens today! In a few minutes she will drop off her 3-year-old at the childcare and step into the classroom, sit at her desk, open the calendar and highlight today’s date. Then, printing wholeheartedly every letter and number she will carefully write the date and their first names in her notebook. She will be waiting patiently for her classmates to appear one by one to tell them the news. Just a few weeks ago neither of them could write or read in any language and were total strangers to each other. Today, they are sharing the joy of learning to read, write and live in English.

 I often start a new term (week or class) of the Adult ESL Literacy program with the calendar learning activities. It is pretty easy to customize and print out a yearly calendar from various “time and date” websites or simply create an original template using the desired font, size and format. Adult ESL learners with emergent literacy skills will gradually learn to navigate the table format, get used to the left-to-right directionality, rehearse the numbers, recognize by sight and spell days of the week, follow simple instructions, mark personally important dates (birthdays, appointments, holidays, arrival in Canada), ask and answer questions about a certain date, etc. With more practice, they will be able to identify important dates and times on notices, letters, flyers in their daily lives and respond accordingly. The value of these activities is that the learners develop their basic literacy skills together with their ability to function in the English language using meaningful real life resources and tools.

Adult ESL Literacy instructors are in a constant search of feasible ideas to overcome multiple classroom challenges such as continuous intake and mixed ability classes, time constraints and mature age of the literacy learners, their inability to learn independently caused by the lack of learning strategies, etc. In my experience, focusing solely on challenges did not prove very successful. In fact, my professional growth and happiness started as soon as I realized that all of the above could be viewed as opportunities rather than barriers. Today, I truly believe that continuous intake, however difficult it is for the instructor, greatly benefits the learners, as they are able to start school as soon as possible. I look forward to welcoming new learners into the classroom, as I believe that the mixed ability is certainly an advantage and a good opportunity to build mutually beneficial learning partnerships. I am not frustrated any longer by the limited instructional and learning time caused by the life circumstances, instead it motivates me to devise relevant tasks to develop efficient communication skills in the shortest time possible. I value adult learners’ life insights and try to appropriate them to make language and literacy learning experience as successful as possible. Finally, I know that the learning strategies and the ability to self-direct learning will be built incrementally with the partner and group work as long as there are plenty of opportunities to interact on meaningful and comprehensible tasks.

Maryam’s story Maryam is 34. Last year, she started school for the first time in her life. She loves to read aloud, although she knows that it is somewhat slow. Her letters aren’t perfect yet, but she is trying to write neatly. In class, Maryam realized that she is quite good with numbers and that the household math is much easier for her than for her fellows. Therefore, she has been in charge of mentoring a few classmates learning to handle Canadian money. Since she became the class math tutor, she has noticeably improved her communication skills. Maryam has never missed a single class, as she knows that at any time her help might be needed…

Challenges, Ideas, and Solutions – Irina

Teaching Grammar Deductively, Inductively & Creatively Using Photoshop  – Irina Ostapchuk

Irina Ostapchuk
What is the most challenging thing about teaching grammar for you?  Is it lack of time to explain this or that rule? Could it be the difficult temperament of your learners? Or is it that having to prepare a creative explanation that catches a learner’s attention and motivates him can be quite complex and time-consuming?  In this article, I am going to share with you my experience about two methods in grammar teaching – inductive and deductive – and some ideas I’ve come up with using Photoshop to explain grammar creatively.

Let`s be honest: teaching grammar creatively can be challenging and time consuming for every teacher.  We wonder which method will work most effectively. There are structures that may take a long time to explain inductively.  Still, learners from Ukraine, Russia, and Belarus have gotten used to deductive grammar teaching.  Strange, but many universities and schools have been using it quite often when there is no actual need.

Because of this I have to explain rules in the deductive way first and then show real-to-life examples of how a structure works. For this purpose I use songs, videos, and screenshots from TV series or movies. Deductive and inductive grammar teaching both have their merits and demerits, and it is reasonable to interchange them or even mix their elements for better grammar teaching.

There are rules that learners would find too difficult to understand or guess themselves, but one should try an inductive approach first to explain something and only after the failure of an explanation try a deductive approach – but using the target language mostly. If there are some time limits one can explain a grammar rule using the deductive approach, but without specific grammar terminology.

Meanwhile it goes without saying that we have to take into account a learner’s age, but what about a learner`s psychological type?  To my mind, it is also important for choosing the best approach for a learner.  As both a choleric and a phlegmatic types like to feel predictability during the learning process, and even have a chance to explain some rule to a teacher before the teacher will do so himself, it’s more reasonable to use a deductive method for these learners Both sanguine and a melancholic types are good on stage and are good at improvising something. They like thinking out or imagining something and both have an image-driven memory.  That is, they tend to think more in images, intuitively rather than logically.  Therefore it is better and more engaging to teach such kind of people using the inductive method, mostly.

Keeping all these points in mind, we now need to think about how we can present  and practice difficult grammar topics in ways that are not boring, in ways that get students interested to the fullest extent possible. To achieve this goal, I use Photoshop.

I have recently discovered that there are many ways to use Photoshop in teaching grammar.  You can put into practice many unusual ideas with its help. If you are planning to print your own books with illustrations, for example, you’ll need only unique content and drawings. With Photoshop, you can draw such kind of pictures quite quickly. It can even replace many online tools for making cartoons, editing pictures, making collages and much more. If you feel unsure about using a tool like Photoshop yourself, the let your learners use it to make interesting ideas, pictures, and projects instead of you.

Idea 1: Everyone has a dream. With this creative drill of the second conditional, you can make your learners’ dreams come true with Photoshop! Have them choose a photo of themselves, cut themselves out of the original background, and put themselves in a new one. The new background can be a place, a street, or some city of their dreams.  Make sure you have worked with color balance to make the picture look more realistic. In my case, I`ve transferred my learners in Canada. They have been dreaming about moving there, one day.  Thus, the image will make the lesson more engaging for them and the second conditional structure more memorable and understandable.   You can build a discussion of their future in such a way that they will have to use four types of sentences (Assertive, Interrogative, Imperative, and Exclamatory) in the second conditional. Well, it’s all up to your choice.

Idea 2:  The Future Is Tempting:  We can also use Photoshop to work on all future tenses. After you have taught your students the future simple, the future continuous, the future perfect and so on, ask then to choose any picture they like and upload it to the Photoshop. Then, they should add to this picture everything they hope they will have in, let`s say, 5 years.  For example: a car, children, a house, and so on. Finally, have them tell the class about future plans, using the collage of dreams they’ve just created.  Learners can prepare short notes at home to make the speech easier. Listeners should ask as many questions as they can to find out all details about the speaker’s future.

Idea 3:  Let’s Sell It.  To work on first conditional sentences,  ask your learners to make a slogan and advertising copy with an if clause  for selling any product of their choice. The slogan should be done according to the model “If you ________  you will _______.”  They may write more than one sentence, but it’s obligatory to have at least one sentence with an if clause. For example, the slogan and the advertising copy for a certain brand of shampoo might be “No more tears! If you buy 2 bottles, you will get an extra bottle for free”

Idea 4:  Comics Are the Go-Between Between Young Learners and Grammar. We are so lucky because many young learners or teenagers know how to make just about anything with tools like Photoshop – even better than we do.  If your learners are like this you can give them a task of using Photoshop or a similar tool to make comics using past simple and past perfect for the dialogue – or whatever grammar you happen to be working on.  I have my students do this at home, working as a whole group on a single set of comics, using Skype to communicate and collaborate as they work out the themes and the dialogue.  Just give theme some ideas and characters you want included, and let them get to work. After they’ve finished, check the work in class and then have the group act out the dialogue.

I’m sure you’ll have ideas of your own. It would be wonderful if you’d share yours, too.

Challenges, Ideas, and Solutions

In this issue Anne Hendler, Svetlana Lupasco, and Irina Ostapchuk share posts describing
challenges in their work and the ways they’re working to overcome them.

Ann E. Hendler
Anne Hendler
Svetlana Lupasco
Svetlana Lupasco
Irina Ostapchuk
Irina Ostapchuk

 

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Choices and Challenges in ELT – Sylvia

SYLVIA GUINAN

Choices, Motherhood and Becoming Myself
Sylvia Guinan

This is my story of motherhood and becoming an online teacher, professional development organizer, blogger and writer. Chuck Sandy asked me to tell my story after my iTDiMOOC Presentation where I shared ideas about creative thinking for teachers.

As always in the flow of a presentation, we often share things spontaneously, from the heart, things that are not ‘scripted’. I’ve never really told this story, though I’ve referred to it many times. In my iTDi presentation, participants were curious about how I manage my work and four children.

My simple answer was that it’s because of my children that I teach and write online. This was my answer to trying to do it all. It seemed to be the best way to be a stay-at-home mother while earning a living at the same time. Soon it came to mean much more than earning a living. I fell in love with the nature of the work. How does working online appeal to mothers or myself in particular?

Apart from being able to stay at home, I was captivated by the freedom to create. As online teaching was still in its infancy, my very decision to go in that direction back in 2009, put me at the forefront of cutting-edge trends in education. I threw myself into the challenge of educational technology, networking and the many blessings of writing and blogging. I was definitely ‘becoming more myself’, as for the first time I was allowing myself to write and create, instead of just ‘doing what Had to be done’.

Chuck asked me to dig deeper into my story, so I’m going back in time to how it really was and how things really happened. When my first child was three, my twins were born. That was a very challenging, yet miraculous time. It was also a time that taught me a lot of my own strength, inner resources, and the power of belief and optimism.

My twins were born two months premature and had to spend two months in incubators. It was very scary as they were tiny, but I just developed a faith that they would be okay and I developed my own personal plan of action and mindset to ‘make sure’ that they would be okay.

The plan of action made me feel empowered even though the lives of my babies were, ‘practically speaking’ in the hands of the doctors. The sense of empowerment, however, helped me to remain positive throughout those two months.

I promised myself that I would breastfeed the twins, even thought they were being fed intravaneously from birth. When I told the doctors and nurses in intensive care they told me that it was impossible and they’d never seen a woman keeping her breast milk for two month – the time it would take for them to grow. However, I knew that it was possible and I rented a massive pumping machine. I had to pump out my milk every two hours, 24 hours a day, in order to remain healthy and not get mastitis or any kind of infection, and not to lose my milk supply

I made little toy pumps for my toddler Elisabeth and we would play with her dolls. She’d pretend to pump out milk for her babies too. We also spent a lot of time reading stories together while I was pumping so that she would still get enough attention during this tough time. I didn’t care about anything except keeping my breast milk flow, minding my toddler and visiting the twins every day. My whole existence revolved around that.

The day came when my tiny daughter had her first taste of breast milk weighing 2.2 kilos. The doctors had said that she’d have no sucking reflex, but she took to it immediately and about six nurses came to watch the miraculous event. Soon my son was able to breast feed too. I continued to breastfeed both of them for sixteen months.

This experience made me feel so proud to be a mother that it became a pivotal moment in my life where I told myself I could do anything if I put my mind to it. Back home, I was practically alone in raising the twins. We had no family nearby but I had one best friend who was more like a sister. I had, of course, given up teaching in this time, though I had a scary moment one day when I thought that I might never be able to work again – at least for another six years. I was sitting on the floor practically swimming in nappies when my recent copy of the ELT News caught my eye. An advert about online teaching jumped out at me – and my new dream was born.

When the twins were a year old and I was still breastfeeding, I got pregnant again – the ‘impossible’ had happened. However, my Irish background and growing up with seven siblings had me well-adjusted to the notion of large families – though this was really sudden and unexpected. Of course, it’s also easier to raise large families in Ireland as there is wonderful state support, whereas in Greece there was less support and no extended family.

I spent those two years minding my three babies and toddler by day, and studying everything I could about online teaching at night. I learnt about virtual classrooms, educational technology and creating courses.

In those days I spent most of my time learning from Nik Peachey’s blog, so in that sense he was my first online mentor. I was amazed by how much he was sharing for free on his blog and I promised myself that some day I’d find a way to repay the inspiration. When I joined facebook I found him and offered to blog about his work and interview him. When he saw my article and story he really surprised that his work had had such a big impact on a reader of his blog. The lesson here is that firstly, we never really know who we are reaching or whose lives we are changing when we share online. The other lesson is that no matter how much we may put ‘gurus’ on pedestals, they are usually much more modest than we’d ever expect.

See the interviews and stories here.

My first online influence featuring Nik Peachey

Interview with Nik Peachey

Top ten things teachers want from their digital classrooms

In 2014, I had another chance to repay the inspiration when Nik started his digital classrooms project. I was able to help him raise funds through my networks and blogs and I’m also one of his official reviewers for the book he’s writing.


Studying, experimenting and blogging were the easy parts of my plan. The hard parts were actually having lessons without my kids interrupting. I did a minimum of hours, biding time till they all got a bit bigger. I still have class recordings with baby voices in the background and still get interrupted on occasion, and I can be seen running from my desk to answer cries – even in my recent spring blog festival webinars.

Something important I did in the early days was the weekly Edupunk class in collaboration with George Machlan at WiziQ. This was the beginning of my foray into creative alternatives to ‘standard’ ELT teaching methodologies, and everything I do today is based on those early experiments.

There were hard times when I was the only one who believed in what I was doing – but believe in it I did, and I had my ever-growing personal learning network online to support me and keep the inspiration alive.
Who have I become and who are my children becoming?

I’ve become someone who answers the call of inspiration.

I’ve become someone who can feel hope even in the darkest hours.

I’ve become someone who does what she loves.

Before working online my childhood dream of writing had never been fulfilled, even though I studied English literature at university. In fact, I was so in awe of the writers I studied that I told myself that I would never be able to do it. That pessimist is gone for good.

My children are becoming very creative and independent.

They write books, make comics, and create amazing works of art. They were invited to read their books at a local book exhibition last year.

They also create their own multi-media comics, posters etc – and have done so from a very young age.

Having my kids almost all the same age created an amazing situation where they all learn from each other and where Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development and collaborative learning naturally evolved. Although there may be sibling rivalry at times – especially between the twins and youngest, what they do for each other is amazing.
Lessons learnt
Instead of over-supervising kids, the best thing is to provide special learning spaces and play areas and equip them with the ingredients for creative play.

This means lots of paper, crayons, and books. These are my staples. We didn’t need much money to give our kids the great gift of all. We didn’t need too many fancy toys. In fact, many fancy toys kill creativity.

What they really need is example; seeing your read, write, and create.

Then, they need excitement and encouragement. Each new thing they create thrills me and they know it.

Parenthood can teach us a lot about teaching and vice versa.

Children can teach us so much about creativity.

That’s why I say they are my inspiration and that everything I have become today is through them.

This is not a story about perfection – as we are far from perfect. It’s just a story about imperfection mixed with optimism. It’s also a story about essence. With children we can say that less is more.

Less materialism and more quality.

Less over- vigilance and more trust.

Less control and more creativity.

Lastly, to the mothers and teachers who wonder how I do this. I didn’t do it all at the same time – it did what I could when I could over a six year period – and before that just by reading and researching. Now my kids are all school age, so I work when they are in school.

I also have colleague from Malaysia called Anita Adnan who has eight kids and a PhD. We should ask her how she does it;)

 

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Choices and Challenges in ELT – Marisa

Challenges and Solutions
Marisa Pavan

Marisa Pavan
“Action is the response to challenge, and the response is from the background of culture, social influences and tradition, so it is always old. Challenge is always new, otherwise you wouldn’t call it challenge. Unless response is adequate to challenge there must be conflict  –  Jiddu Krishnamurti

I find that definition is insightful, since in ESL classes there are always new issues to be faced, which are as unique as each student forming part of that class is, and as teachers we should make use of our expertise to address those issues so that our students feel motivated to learn and develop their skills.

One of those challenges has to do with the language that students use in class. In my case, as Spanish is my students’ native language, they resort to it whenever they have trouble expressing themselves. A helpful linguistic resource I make my students practise is paraphrasing. Students should be given cues such as ‘It’s a sort of/kind of/an object used for … etc.’ Pair work competition is highly motivating for students and one of the tasks I make students do in order to make an effort to use different words to refer to the same idea is provide student A and student B with a different list of words for them to challenge their partners to paraphrase it.

Another challenge has to do with ‘clashes’ between what I plan for a certain class and the concerns with which students arrive at the classroom. Not paying attention to those concerns is not a good idea, since students won’t be able to focus on an activity if their mind is not free from other thoughts. I think a good idea is to profit from that situation and devise an on-the-spot task connected to your students’ concern. It can be watching a video of a song related to the issue. While listening to the song we can discuss the story behind the video or the connection between the video and the song lyrics. Another option is to make students listen to a song and choose a phrase from the lyrics that describes the way they feel at present.

Encouraging students to do extra activities at home for practice can also be challenging. I create communities from Google+ to share material with my students. I organise this material into sections: Vocabulary, Games, Grammar, Listening Skills, Reading Skills, Writing Skills, Songs, Dictionaries, Questions, etc. As not all my students visit the Google+ community when being notified, in class I show them what I have posted and do my best to motivate them so they visit the community at home. Whenever a student makes a comment or share something, I show them I have read it and make a suitable comment.

From my viewpoint, one effective way to be able to overcome these issues is to listen to your students thoroughly. That will offer clues to find out what kind of topics and tasks are interesting to your students or are suited to their needs. Being able to detect that is a great asset for teachers and will be helpful to develop an excellent rapport with your students.

To strengthen this teacher-student rapport, negotiation is essential. As teachers, we should take the role as facilitators and students should be given the opportunity to grow as independent learners. We should be flexible enough so students don’t feel under pressure and all decisions that have to do with the teaching-learning process should be agreed.